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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, which are the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD, appear to regulate brain chemicals and boost their levels. They are not able to treat the disorder, but rather manage symptoms if they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication may include changes in heart rate and blood pressure, upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. Some teens and children who take stimulant medications notice a slight slowing in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant for the central nervous system and is the most frequently used drug for treating ADHD. It is available in various forms, such as chewable tablets with liquid, an orally disintegrating tablet, which acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This helps to improve concentration. It may also reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. When combined with other treatments like behavioral therapy, methylphenidate could be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate blocks transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Patients with diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication since it can cause rapid increases in blood sugar. Consult your physician if you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate may also trigger the condition known as Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as discomfort in the toes and fingers. It is a rare but serious side effect. It is essential to inform your doctor if any of these symptoms develop. There is some concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, however it hasn't been proven to be the case. If you have a child who is being treated with methylphenidate be sure to monitor the child's height and weight closely. If your child is taking chewable tablets of methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine which can be dangerous for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation if you have PKU. Certain people have issues with stimulants which are the primary treatment for ADHD. In these cases, doctors could prescribe another medication that performs in a similar manner. There are also other stimulants, like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These are more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. They are typically taken two to three times per day however some people may take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD, but these are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while decreasing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a category called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It is a drug that increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that regulate brain activity. It is a popular choice for both adults and children who want a different type of medication than stimulants, like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine is not effective instantly, and it can take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the medication to be apparent. There are also side effects such as nausea and drowsiness. However, the benefits of atomoxetine far outweigh the risks for most patients. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged between 12 and 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed. The participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg, or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were reduced. The atomoxetine group saw greater improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a second open study that included 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants received the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improved ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales improving significantly. However, one patient experienced an allergic reaction and was removed from the study. In addition, three patients reported intermittent gastrointestinal problems and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil et al 2005). Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine to your doctor about your health history and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications. Discuss with your doctor if any of the following conditions are present for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumour; high blood pressure; heart disease or a history sudden death. Also, avoid atomoxetine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine in the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and boost focus, although it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It is essential to follow the directions. If you stop taking it suddenly, you may have withdrawal symptoms. The usual dosage is two or three doses per day separated by four to six hours. The dosage can range between 100 mg twice or three times a day up to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract, and then eliminated into urine, which means that it can't enter breast milk. However, it could be absorbed into the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion raises blood pressure. It is important to keep it in check frequently. In addition to reducing the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It is a method of blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion can interact with other medications. Tell your doctor if taking any other medication. It's also important to find out whether you are allergic to. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can make side effects worse. In a variety of studies the bupropion drug was compared with placebos for adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and most studies were poorly conducted. Furthermore, many of them excluded participants with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion may have a small impact on ADHD. More research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, including an improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be created it is crucial to understand the underlying causes of the molecular causes of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD aren't effective or cause adverse side effects, doctors might turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), help by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain, which help people concentrate. These are older medications that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are typically only considered when other drugs have failed. Click On this website for depression-related antidepressants is typically a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain cases despite their long-standing history. They are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and provide a pain-relieving effect which is distinct from their antidepressant properties. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor by blocking its reuptake, and they also act as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor may suggest slowly reducing the dose over a few weeks to minimize these effects. Although not officially recognized by the FDA as an adhd medication Bupropion is a widely prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. It is believed to be effective by increasing neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It is also known to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be combined with stimulants to produce quicker and lasting results. While there are no other FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD, many people do find relief with the use of nutritional supplements and herbs. A diet low on fat and sugar can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people may also benefit by abstaining from caffeine. Inform your doctor about all medications you or your child take such as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This will prevent interactions and minimize unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, and it's often an exercise of trial and error to find the right dosage and drug for you or your child.